Part IV of The Bronze Guns of Leutze Park The terms which appear here are defined in the sense in which they apply to bronze ordnance. They were also used with iron smoothbore weapons; many are still used, in the same or in different senses, with modern ordnance. Cross-references to other terms defined here are indicated by italics . Astragal. Small, convex, half-round molding, usually found with a fillet on one or both sides. Moldings of this kind are thought to be vestigial traces of the iron bands originally shrunk around the first wrought-iron gun tubes. Their forms, as well as the terms to identify them, were, for the most part, borrowed from architecture. Bore . The interior of a gun barrel, from the chamber forward to the muzzle. Breech . The portion of a gun tube from the rear end of the chamber aft to the cascabel . Breech Face . Also called Base of Breech ; the rearward-facing portion of the gun tube between the breech ring and the knob of the cascabel . Breech Rin...
“在第一分队登陆之前,时间已经很迟。 这些人登陆后由皇后号和弗莱吉森号轮船掩护,立即用梯子攀登位于炮台主力线之侧的城墙。第十八团的侧翼连最先越过城墙追赶前面的敌人。 他们打开一道城门。我们其余的人就通过这个门进去,沿着炮台前进,很快地肃清了敌人,在十分种内杀死敌人比兵舰整天所杀的还多。
回复删除其三,鸦片战争为部分地方督抚侵吞国富,聚敛私财提供了绝好机会。 战争打响,军费如洪水一般暴涨,由此,在鸦片战争中出现部分督抚一边奋力抗英一边卖力捞钱的景象。颜伯焘就是一个典型,如前所述,颜伯焘上任伊始一面积极备战,一面奏请皇帝下拨巨额军费,到最后革职,短短一、二年的时间内,贪污军费不计其数。 1842 年初,任福建汀漳龙道道台的张集馨记载了颜伯焘从福建前线回广东老家的情形,“道经漳城。 二月杪,县中接上站差信,预备夫马供张。 至初一日,即有扛夫过境,每日总在六七百名,至初十日,……随帅兵役、抬夫、家属、舆马仆从几三千名,分住考院及各歇店安顿,酒席上下共用四百余桌。 ……前帅过境,蒋令实用去一万余金”。 [12]总之, 以颜伯焘为代表的地方督抚由于在清朝中央集权体制中处于承上启下的地位, 他们对鸦片战争进程产生了重要影响, 而战争结果也决定了他们个人的命运并导致了晚清督抚职权的变化。
——《地方督抚与鸦片战争——以颜伯焘为中心的探讨》
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